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vue3中echarts组件的最佳封装形式
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项目中经常用到echarts，不做封装直接拿来使用也行，但不可避免要写很多重复的配置代码，封装稍不注意又会过度封装，丢失了扩展性和可读性。始终没有找到一个好的实践，偶然看到一篇文章，给了灵感。找到了一个目前认为用起来很舒服的封装。 思路 结合项目需求，针对不同类型的图表，配置基础的默认通用配置，例如x/y，label，图例等的样式 创建图表组件实例（不要使用id,容易重复，还需要操作dom，直接用ref获取当前组件的el来创建图表），提供type(图表类型)，和options(图表配置)两个必要属性 根据传入type，加载默认的图表配置 深度监听传入的options，变化时更新覆盖默认配置，更新图表 提供事件支持，支持echart事件按需绑定交互注意要确保所有传入图表组件的options数组都是shallowReactive类型，避免数组量过大，深度响应式导致性能问题 目录结构 ├─v-charts │ │ index.ts // 导出类型定义以及图表组件方便使用 │ │ type.d.ts // 各种图表的类型定义 │ │ useCharts.ts // 图表hooks │ │ v-charts.vue // echarts图表组件 │ │ │ └─options // 图表配置文件 │ bar.ts │ gauge.ts │ pie.ts 复制代码 组件代码 v-charts.vue import { PropType } from "vue"; import * as echarts from "echarts/core"; import { useCharts, ChartType, ChartsEvents } from "./useCharts"; /** * echarts事件类型 * 截至目前，vue3类型声明参数必须是以下内容之一，暂不支持外部引入类型参数 * 1. 类型字面量 * 2. 在同一文件中的接口或类型字面量的引用 * // 文档中有说明：https://cn.vuejs.org/api/sfc-script-setup.html#typescript-only-features */ interface EventEmitsType { (e: `${T}`, event: ChartsEvents.Events[Uncapitalize]): void; } defineOptions({ name: "VCharts" }); const props = defineProps({ type: { type: String as PropType, default: "bar" }, options: { type: Object as PropType, default: () => ({}) } }); // 定义事件，提供ts支持，在组件使用时可获得友好提示 defineEmits(); const { type, options } = toRefs(props); const chartRef = shallowRef(); const { charts, setOptions, initChart } = useCharts({ type, el: chartRef }); onMounted(async () => { await initChart(); setOptions(options.value); }); watch( options, () => { setOptions(options.value); }, { deep: true } ); defineExpose({ $charts: charts }); .v-charts { width: 100%; height: 100%; min-height: 200px; } 复制代码 useCharts.ts import { ChartType } from "./type"; import * as echarts from "echarts/core"; import { ShallowRef, Ref } from "vue"; import { TitleComponent, LegendComponent, TooltipComponent, GridComponent, DatasetComponent, TransformComponent } from "echarts/components"; import { BarChart, LineChart, PieChart, GaugeChart } from "echarts/charts"; import { LabelLayout, UniversalTransition } from "echarts/features"; import { CanvasRenderer } from "echarts/renderers"; const optionsModules = importa.glob("./options/**.ts"); interface ChartHookOption { type?: Ref; el: ShallowRef; } /** * 视口变化时echart图表自适应调整 */ class ChartsResize { #charts = new Set(); // 缓存已经创建的图表实例 #timeId = null; constructor() { window.addEventListener("resize", this.handleResize.bind(this)); // 视口变化时调整图表 } getCharts() { return [...this.#charts]; } handleResize() { clearTimeout(this.#timeId); this.#timeId = setTimeout(() => { this.#charts.forEach(chart => { chart.resize(); }); }, 500); } add(chart: echarts.ECharts) { this.#charts.add(chart); } remove(chart: echarts.ECharts) { this.#charts.delete(chart); } removeListener() { window.removeEventListener("resize", this.handleResize); } } export const chartsResize = new ChartsResize(); export const useCharts = ({ type, el }: ChartHookOption) => { echarts.use([ BarChart, LineChart, BarChart, PieChart, GaugeChart, TitleComponent, LegendComponent, TooltipComponent, GridComponent, DatasetComponent, TransformComponent, LabelLayout, UniversalTransition, CanvasRenderer ]); const charts = shallowRef(); let options!: echarts.EChartsCoreOption; const getOptions = async () => { const moduleKey = `./options/${type.value}.ts`; const { default: defaultOption } = await optionsModules[moduleKey](); return defaultOption; }; const setOptions = (opt: echarts.EChartsCoreOption) => { charts.value.setOption(opt); }; const initChart = async () => { charts.value = echarts.init(el.value); options = await getOptions(); charts.value.setOption(options); chartsResize.add(charts.value); // 将图表实例添加到缓存中 initEvent(); // 添加事件支持 }; /** * 初始化事件,按需绑定事件 */ const attrs = useAttrs(); const initEvent = () => { Object.keys(attrs).forEach(attrKey => { if (/^on/.test(attrKey)) { const cb = attrs[attrKey]; attrKey = attrKey.replace(/^on(Chart)?/, ""); attrKey = `${attrKey[0].toLocaleLowerCase()}${attrKey.substring(1)}`; typeof cb === "function" && charts.value?.on(attrKey, cb as () => void); } }); }; onBeforeUnmount(() => { chartsResize.remove(charts.value); // 移除缓存 }); return { charts, setOptions, initChart, initEvent }; }; export const chartsOptions = (option: T) => shallowReactive(option); export * from "./type.d"; 复制代码 type.d.ts /* * @Description: * @Version: 2.0 * @Autor: GC * @Date: 2022-03-02 10:21:33 * @LastEditors: GC * @LastEditTime: 2022-06-02 17:45:48 */ // import * as echarts from 'echarts/core'; import * as echarts from 'echarts' import { XAXisComponentOption, YAXisComponentOption } from 'echarts'; import { ECElementEvent, SelectChangedPayload, HighlightPayload, } from 'echarts/types/src/util/types' import { TitleComponentOption, TooltipComponentOption, GridComponentOption, DatasetComponentOption, AriaComponentOption, AxisPointerComponentOption, LegendComponentOption, } from 'echarts/components';// 组件 import { // 系列类型的定义后缀都为 SeriesOption BarSeriesOption, LineSeriesOption, PieSeriesOption, FunnelSeriesOption, GaugeSeriesOption } from 'echarts/charts'; type Options = LineECOption | BarECOption | PieECOption | FunnelOption type BaseOptionType = XAXisComponentOption | YAXisComponentOption | TitleComponentOption | TooltipComponentOption | LegendComponentOption | GridComponentOption type BaseOption = echarts.ComposeOption type LineECOption = echarts.ComposeOption type BarECOption = echarts.ComposeOption type PieECOption = echarts.ComposeOption type FunnelOption = echarts.ComposeOption type GaugeECOption = echarts.ComposeOption type EChartsOption = echarts.EChartsOption; type ChartType = 'bar' | 'line' | 'pie' | 'gauge' // echarts事件 namespace ChartsEvents { // 鼠标事件类型 type MouseEventType = 'click' | 'dblclick' | 'mousedown' | 'mousemove' | 'mouseup' | 'mouseover' | 'mouseout' | 'globalout' | 'contextmenu' // 鼠标事件类型 type MouseEvents = { [key in Exclude as `chart${Capitalize}`] :ECElementEvent } // 其他的事件类型极参数 interface Events extends MouseEvents { globalout:ECElementEvent, contextmenu:ECElementEvent, selectchanged: SelectChangedPayload; highlight: HighlightPayload; legendselected: { // 图例选中后的事件 type: 'legendselected', // 选中的图例名称 name: string // 所有图例的选中状态表 selected: { [name: string]: boolean } }; // ... 其他类型的事件在这里定义 } // echarts所有的事件类型 type EventType = keyof Events } export { BaseOption, ChartType, LineECOption, BarECOption, Options, PieECOption, FunnelOption, GaugeECOption, EChartsOption, ChartsEvents } 复制代码 options/bar.ts import { BarECOption } from "../type"; const options: BarECOption = { legend: {}, tooltip: {}, xAxis: { type: "category", axisLine: { lineStyle: { // type: "dashed", color: "#C8D0D7" } }, axisTick: { show: false }, axisLabel: { color: "#7D8292" } }, yAxis: { type: "value", alignTicks: true, splitLine: { show: true, lineStyle: { color: "#C8D0D7", type: "dashed" } }, axisLine: { lineStyle: { color: "#7D8292" } } }, grid: { left: 60, bottom: "8%", top: "20%" }, series: [ { type: "bar", barWidth: 20, itemStyle: { color: { type: "linear", x: 0, x2: 0, y: 0, y2: 1, colorStops: [ { offset: 0, color: "#62A5FF" // 0% 处的颜色 }, { offset: 1, color: "#3365FF" // 100% 处的颜色 } ] } } // label: { // show: true, // position: "top" // } } ] }; export default options; 复制代码 项目中使用 index.vue 累计设备接入统计 坐标数据接入统计 import { useStatisDeviceByUserObject, } from "./hooks"; // 设备分类统计 const { options: statisDeviceByUserObjectOpts,selectchanged,handleChartClick } = useStatisDeviceByUserObject(); 复制代码 /hooks/useStatisDeviceByUserObject.ts export const useStatisDeviceByUserObject = () => { // 使用chartsOptions确保所有传入v-charts组件的options数据都是## shallowReactive浅层作用形式，避免大量数据导致性能问题 const options = chartsOptions({ yAxis: {}, xAxis: {}, series: [] }); const init = async () => { const xData = []; const sData = []; const dicts = useHashMapDics(["dev_user_object"]); const data = await statisDeviceByUserObject(); dicts.dictionaryMap.dev_user_object.forEach(({ label, value }) => { if (value === "6") return; // 排除其他 xData.push(label); const temp = data.find(({ name }) => name === value); sData.push(temp?.qty || 0); // 给options赋值时要注意options是浅层响应式 options.xAxis = { data: xData }; options.series = [{ ...options.series[0], data: sData }]; }); }; // 事件 const selectchanged = (params: ChartsEvents.Events["selectchanged"]) => { console.log(params, "选中图例了"); }; const handleChartClick = (params: ChartsEvents.Events["chartClick"]) => { console.log(params, "点击了图表"); }; onMounted(() => { init(); }); return { options， selectchanged, handleChartClick }; }; 复制代码使用时输入@可以看到组件支持的所有事件： |
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